How to send personalized messages using mail merge in Gmail

How to send personalized messages using mail merge in Gmail

If you want to send personalized marketing emails to a large audience, mail merge in Gmail…isn’t the way to go. (Those types of sends are better handled by email marketing and newsletter platforms.) 

But if you’re running a small operation or want to send thank-you emails to everyone who donated to your walk-a-thon, Gmail’s mail merge will do just fine. Here’s how it works. 

Table of contents

What is mail merge in Gmail?

Mail merge in Gmail lets you batch send emails that are personalized for each recipient by dynamically updating four merge tag fields: 

  • @first name

  • @last name

  • @full name

  • @email

For example, if your email opens with “Dear @firstname,” Gmail mail merge automatically updates @firstname with the recipient’s first name.  

When you send your message, each recipient will get a unique copy of the email with all merge tags replaced with their specific details. 

How to do a mail merge in Gmail 

There are two main ways to dynamically insert your recipients’ data in a Gmail mail merge: 

How to do a mail merge in Gmail using Google Contacts  

Chances are, your recipients’ details are already stored in Google Contacts. (It’s the terrifying magic of Google.) 

  1. With Gmail open, click Compose

  2. In the To field, click the Use mail merge icon.

    Gmail message with an expanded view of the use mail merge dropdown.
  3. Click the box next to Mail Merge. Your message box will turn a Google Forms-style purple color, an Unsubscribe option will appear at the bottom of your message, and Send will change to Continue

    Gmail mail merge message composition box.
  4. Draft your templated message as you normally would, or insert an existing email template. Be sure to use merge tags (for example, @firstname) in the spots you want Gmail to dynamically update, and then hit Enter to insert. 

    Example of a Gmail message with merge tags in the message.
  5. In the To field, enter your recipient’s name or email address. To add multiple recipients (as shown in the example below), first create a group email in Gmail and enter the group label in the To field. 

    To field of a Gmail message with multiple recipients added via a Gmail group.
  6. Optional but strongly recommended actions: 

    • Preview your mail merge tags: Click the merge tag, and select Preview to ensure your recipients’ information is accurate. You’ll also have the option to preview your message in its entirety at the end.  

      Preview of Gmail mail merge tags.
    • Set default values: Click the merge tag, and select Set default value to enter a default value for Gmail to display if Google Contacts is missing that data. In the example below, if one of my recipients doesn’t have a first name listed, Gmail mail merge will automatically update “Hey @firstname” to “Hey my buddy, my dude.” To be clear, I’m not suggesting that this is a professional default value.

      Text box with a default value entered for the first name merge tag.
  7. Click Continue

  8. The first time you use mail merge in Gmail, a popup will appear reminding you not to spam people. Click Got it. (You can click the box next to Don’t show again if you’ll remember not to send unsolicited emails in the future.)

    Help fight junk mail notification in Gmail.
  9. Another popup will appear with an option to send a test email to yourself. To do that—and I strongly recommend you do—click Send preview. Otherwise, click Send all

    Gmail popup with options to send a preview of a Gmail mail merge or to send all.

That’s it. Your recipients will receive individual copies of your templated email.

Example of a personalized message sent using Gmail mail merge.

How to do a mail merge in Gmail using contacts in Google Sheets

If you store your contact information in Google Sheets, Gmail can pull that data and use it in a mail merge. But first, some spreadsheet housekeeping: 

  • Add column headers—for example, “First name” and “Last name”—to make it easier for yourself later on when you tell Gmail which column you want it to pull data from for each merge tag.

  • Your contact information has to be in the first tab of your spreadsheet and can contain only text. 

  • Email addresses that contain special characters are considered invalid. What counts as a special character? Your guess is as good as mine. Gmail doesn’t specify. All I know is that Gmail doesn’t consider the plus sign (+)—as in jane.doe+2@acme.com—as a special character. 

Once you’ve tidied up your spreadsheet, you’re ready to do a Gmail mail merge. 

  1. With Gmail open, click Compose

  2. In the To field, click the Use mail merge icon.

  3. Click the box next to Mail Merge, and then click Add from spreadsheet

    Gmail message box with an expanded view of the use mail merge dropdown. Mail merge is selected and the option to add from a spreadsheet is highlighted.
  4. Choose the spreadsheet you want to link to, and click Insert

  5. In the popup that appears, select the columns from your linked spreadsheet that correspond to the recipient’s email, first name, and last name. 

  6. Click Finish

    Popup with dropdowns to link spreadsheet columns with Gmail mail merge tags.
  7. Draft your templated message as you normally would. Be sure to use the merge tags in the spots you want Gmail to dynamically update, and then hit Enter to insert. 

  8. Click the merge tag, and select Set default value to enter a default value for Gmail to display if Google Contacts is missing that data. This is optional but strongly recommended. 

  9. Click Continue

  10. In the popup that appears reminding you not to spam people, click Got it

  11. Before you batch send your emails, click Send preview to send a test email to yourself. 

  12. If the test email looks good, click Send all

Gmail mail merge send tips 

Dynamically updating an email to make it feel personal is one thing, but sending it to a huge list is another. Tread lightly, and keep these tips in mind. 

  • Be mindful of storage limits. There’s a 1,500-person/day limit on your mail merge emails, but each of those is going to turn into a “sent” email in your inbox. If your email includes images, that’s going to eat up your Google storage limits pretty quickly.

  • You can CC or BCC someone, but…don’t. If you CC or BCC someone, they’ll get the email as many times as there are contacts on the list. So unless you want your business partner to get the same email 1,500 times, I’d suggest not using the CC or BCC field.

Maybe don’t use Gmail mail merge 

Honestly, I can think of only one good reason why you would use mail merge in Gmail: you like what you know, and what you know is Gmail. There’s nothing wrong with that. 

But if you’ll entertain me, here’s what you’re working against if you use the feature: 

  • Extremely limited personalization. Gmail mail merge lets you dynamically update only the recipient’s name and email address in the body of your message (no subject lines). So apart from being able to start your email with a personal touch—”Hey, Sam”—the rest will probably sound boilerplate. 

  • Basic contact management. If you’re using Gmail mail merge for email marketing—and again, I’m not suggesting you should—the contact management is really basic. This means you can’t easily segment your audience or A/B test things like subject lines. 

  • No email analytics. Gmail mail merge doesn’t offer any analytics, so you won’t be able to tell how your emails are performing. (And you definitely won’t know if Aunt Sue actually clicked your sponsor-me link to donate to that walk-a-thon.) 

Automate your Google apps 

If your heart’s set on using Gmail for all your email needs, I can’t stop you. But I can help you delegate some of your inbox-related tasks to the robots. 

By connecting Google Contacts with Zapier, you can automatically pull in contact information from other places like form submissions—keeping your digital Rolodex up to date across apps. Learn more about how to automate Google Contacts, or get started with one of these ready-made templates. 

If you store your contact information in Google Sheets, you can do the same thing by using Zapier’s Google Sheets integration. 

You can also connect Gmail to Zapier to do things like create a to-do list from your inbox, automatically save email attachments, or even use AI to automatically label your emails. Learn more about how to automate Gmail, or get started with one of these pre-made templates.

Zapier is the leader in workflow automation—integrating with 6,000+ apps from partners like Google, Salesforce, and Microsoft. Use interfaces, data tables, and logic to build secure, automated systems for your business-critical workflows across your organization’s technology stack. Learn more.

Related reading:

by Zapier